認識會幕與約櫃 (一) 法櫃

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認識約櫃

法櫃 / 約櫃

The Ark of the Covenant / The Ark of God / The Ark of Witness / The Ark of the Lord's Agreement

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(一) 尺寸

出埃及記25:10-22；37:1-9「要用皂莢木做一櫃，長二肘半，寬一肘半，高一肘半。要裏外包上精金，四圍鑲上金牙邊。也要鑄四個金環，安在櫃的四腳上；這邊兩環，那邊兩環。要用皂莢木做兩根槓，用金包裹。要把槓穿在櫃旁的環內，以便抬櫃。這槓要常在櫃的環內，不可抽出來。必將我所要賜給你的法版放在櫃裏。要用精金做施恩座（施恩或譯蔽罪），長二肘半，寬一肘半。要用金子錘出兩個基路伯來，安在施恩座的兩頭。這頭做一個基路伯，那頭做一個基路伯，二基路伯要接連一塊，在施恩座的兩頭。二基路伯要高張翅膀，遮掩施恩座。基路伯要臉對臉，朝著施恩座。要將施恩座安在櫃的上邊，又將我所要賜給你的法版放在櫃裏。我要在那裏與你相會，又要從法櫃施恩座上二基路伯中間，和你說我所要吩咐你傳給以色列人的一切事。」

Exodus 25:10-22; 37:1-9 And they are to make an ark of hard wood; two and a half cubits long, and a cubit and a half wide and high. It is to be plated inside and out with the best gold, with an edge of gold all round it And make four rings of gold for it, to be fixed on its four feet, two rings on one side of it and two on the other. And make rods of the same wood, plating them with gold. And put the rods through the rings at the sides of the ark, for lifting it. The rods are to be kept in the rings, and never taken out. Inside the ark you are to put the record which I will give you. And you are to make a cover of the best gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. And at the two ends of the cover you are to make two winged ones of hammered gold, One at one end and one at the other; the winged ones are to be part of the cover. And their wings are to be outstretched over the cover, and the winged ones are to be opposite one another, facing the cover. And put the cover over the ark, and in the ark the record which I will give you. And there, between the two winged ones on the cover of the ark, I will come to you, face to face, and make clear to you all the orders I have to give you for the children of Israel.

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(二) 內容物

出埃及記16:31-35 這食物，以色列家叫嗎哪；樣子像芫荽子，顏色是白的，滋味如同攙蜜的薄餅。摩西說：「耶和華所吩咐的是這樣：『要將一滿俄梅珥嗎哪留到世世代代，使後人可以看見我當日將你們領出埃及地，在曠野所給你們吃的食物。』」摩西對亞倫說：「你拿一個罐子，盛一滿俄梅珥嗎哪，存在耶和華面前，要留到世世代代。」耶和華怎麼吩咐摩西，亞倫就怎麼行，把嗎哪放在法櫃前存留。以色列人吃嗎哪共四十年，直到進了有人居住之地，就是迦南的境界。

Exodus 16:31-35 And this bread was named manna by Israel : it was white, like a grain seed, and its taste was like cakes made with honey. And Moses said, This is the order which the Lord has given: Let one omer of it be kept for future generations, so that they may see the bread which I gave you for your food in the waste land, when I took you out from the land of Egypt . And Moses said to Aaron, Take a pot and put one omer of manna in it, and put it away before the Lord, to be kept for future generations. So Aaron put it away in front of the holy chest to be kept, as the Lord gave orders to Moses. And the children of Israel had manna for their food for forty years, till they came to a land with people in it, till they came to the edge of the land of Canaan .

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出埃及記40:20-21 又把法版放在櫃裏，把槓穿在櫃的兩旁，把施恩座安在櫃上。把櫃抬進帳幕，掛上遮掩櫃的幔子，把法櫃遮掩了，是照耶和華所吩咐他的。

Exodus 40:20-21 And he took the law and put it inside the ark, and put the rods at its side and the cover over it; And he took the ark into the House, hanging up the veil before it as the Lord had given him orders.

民數記17:10 耶和華吩咐摩西說：「把亞倫的杖還放在法櫃前，給這些背叛之子留作記號。這樣，你就使他們向我發的怨言止息，免得他們死亡。」

Numbers 17:10 And the Lord said to Moses, Put Aaron's rod back in front of the ark of witness, to be kept for a sign against this false-hearted people, so that you may put a stop to their outcries against me, and death may not overtake them.

希伯來書9:1-5 原來前約有禮拜的條例和屬世界的聖幕。因為有預備的帳幕，頭一層叫作聖所，裏面有燈臺、桌子，和陳設餅。第二幔子後又有一層帳幕，叫作至聖所，有金香爐（金香壇），有包金的約櫃，櫃裏有盛嗎哪的金罐和亞倫發過芽的杖，並兩塊約版；櫃上面有榮耀基路伯的影罩著施恩座。這幾件我現在不能一一細說。

Hebrews 9:1-5 Now the first agreement had its rules of worship, and a holy order. For the first Tent was made ready, having in it the vessels for the lights and the table and the ordering of the bread; and this is named the holy place. And inside the second veil was the place which is named the Holy of holies; Having a vessel of gold in it for burning perfumes, and the ark of the agreement, which was covered with gold and which had in it a pot made of gold for the manna, and Aaron's rod which put out buds, and the stones with the writing of the agreement; And over it were the winged ones of glory with their wings covering the mercy-seat; about which it is not possible now to say anything in detail.

(三) 負責人

申命記10:8 那時，耶和華將利未支派分別出來，抬耶和華的約櫃，又侍立在耶和華面前事奉他，奉他的名祝福，直到今日。

Deuteronomy 10:8 At that time the Lord had the tribe of Levi marked out to take up the ark of the Lord's agreement, to be before the Lord and to do his work and to give blessings in his name, to this day.

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歷代志上15:2 那時大衛說：「除了利未人之外，無人可抬　神的約櫃；因為耶和華揀選他們抬　神的約櫃，且永遠事奉他。」

1 Chronicles 15:2 Then David said, The ark of God may not be moved by any but the Levites, for they have been marked out by God to take the ark of God, and to do his work for ever.

歷代志上15:12-15…「你們是利未人的族長，你們和你們的弟兄應當自潔，好將耶和華以色列　神的約櫃抬到我所預備的地方。因你們先前沒有抬這約櫃，按定例求問耶和華我們的　神，所以他刑罰我們。」於是祭司利未人自潔，好將耶和華以色列　神的約櫃抬上來。利未子孫就用槓，肩抬　神的約櫃，是照耶和華藉摩西所吩咐的。

1 Chronicles 15:12-15 And said to them, You are the heads of the families of the Levites: make yourselves holy, you and your brothers, so that you may take the ark of the Lord, the God of Israel, to the place which I have made ready for it. For because you did not take it at the first, the Lord our God sent punishment on us, because we did not get directions from him in the right way. So the priests and the Levites made themselves holy to take up the ark of the Lord, the God of Israel. And the sons of the Levites took up the ark of God, lifting it by its rods, as the Lord had said to Moses.

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撒母耳記下6:6-8 到了拿艮的禾場，因為牛失前蹄，烏撒就伸手扶住　神的約櫃。神耶和華向烏撒發怒，因這錯誤擊殺他，他就死在　神的約櫃旁。大衛因耶和華擊殺烏撒，心裏愁煩，就稱那地方為毗列斯烏撒，直到今日。

2 Samuel 6:6-8 And when they came to Nacon's grain-floor, Uzzah put his hand on the ark of God to keep it safe in its place, for the oxen were out of control. And the wrath of the Lord, burning against Uzzah, sent destruction on him because he had put his hand on the ark, and death came to him there by the ark of God. And David was angry because of the Lord's outburst of wrath against Uzzah: and he gave that place the name Perez-uzzah, which is its name to this day.

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撒母耳記上6:19-20 耶和華因伯示麥人擅觀他的約櫃，就擊殺了他們七十人；那時有五萬人在那裏。百姓因耶和華大大擊殺他們，就哀哭了。伯示麥人說：「誰能在耶和華這聖潔的　神面前侍立呢？這約櫃可以從我們這裏送到誰那裏去呢？」

1 Samuel 6:19-20 But the Lord sent destruction on seventy men of the people of Beth-shemesh for looking into the ark of the Lord; and great was the sorrow of the people for the destruction which the Lord had sent on them. And the men of Beth-shemesh said, Who is able to keep his place before the Lord, this holy God? and to whom may he go from us?

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(四) 爭戰

約書亞記3:1-13 約書亞清早起來，和以色列眾人都離開什亭，來到約旦河，就住在那裏，等候過河。過了三天，官長走遍營中，吩咐百姓說：「你們看見耶和華你們　神的約櫃，又見祭司利未人抬著，就要離開所住的地方，跟著約櫃去。只是你們和約櫃相離要量二千肘，不可與約櫃相近，使你們知道所當走的路，因為這條路你們向來沒有走過。」約書亞吩咐百姓說：「你們要自潔，因為明天耶和華必在你們中間行奇事。」約書亞又吩咐祭司說：「你們抬起約櫃，在百姓前頭過去。」於是他們抬起約櫃，在百姓前頭走。耶和華對約書亞說：「從今日起，我必使你在以色列眾人眼前尊大，使他們知道我怎樣與摩西同在，也必照樣與你同在。你要吩咐抬約櫃的祭司說：『你們到了約旦河的水邊上，就要在約旦河水裏站住。』」約書亞對以色列人說：「你們近前來，聽耶和華你們　神的話。」約書亞說：「看哪，普天下主的約櫃必在你們前頭過去，到約旦河裏，因此你們就知道在你們中間有永生　神；並且他必在你們面前趕出迦南人、赫人、希未人、比利洗人、革迦撒人、亞摩利人、耶布斯人。你們現在要從以色列支派中揀選十二個人，每支派一人，等到抬普天下主耶和華約櫃的祭司把腳站在約旦河水裏，約旦河的水，就是從上往下流的水，必然斷絕，立起成壘。」

Joshua 3:1-13 Then Joshua got up early in the morning, and, moving on from Shittim, he and all the children of Israel came to Jordan and were there for the night before going over. And at the end of three days, the men in authority over the people went through the tents, Giving the people their orders, and saying, When you see the ark of the agreement of the Lord your God lifted up by the priests, the Levites, then get up from your places and go after it; But let there be a space between you and it of about two thousand cubits: come no nearer to it, so that you may see the way you have to go, for you have not been over this way before. And Joshua said to the people, Make yourselves holy, for tomorrow the Lord will do works of wonder among you. Then Joshua said to the priests, Take up the ark of the agreement and go over in front of the people. So they took up the ark of the agreement and went in front of the people. And the Lord said to Joshua, From now on I will give you glory in the eyes of all Israel , so that they may see that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. And you are to give orders to the priests who take up the ark of the agreement, and say, When you come to the edge of the waters of Jordan , go no further. And Joshua said to the children of Israel , Come to me here: and give ear to the words of the Lord your God. And Joshua said, By this you will see that the living God is among you, and that he will certainly send out from before you the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Hivite and the Perizzite and the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Jebusite. See, the ark of the agreement of the Lord of all the earth is going over before you into Jordan . So take twelve men out of the tribes of Israel , a man from every tribe. And when the feet of the priests who take up the ark of the Lord, the Lord of all the earth, come to rest in the waters of Jordan , the waters of Jordan will be cut off, all the waters flowing down from higher up, and will come together in a mass.

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約書亞記6:2-5 耶和華曉諭約書亞說：「看哪，我已經把耶利哥和耶利哥的王，並大能的勇士，都交在你手中。你們的一切兵丁要圍繞這城，一日圍繞一次，六日都要這樣行。七個祭司要拿七個羊角走在約櫃前。到第七日，你們要繞城七次，祭司也要吹角。他們吹的角聲拖長，你們聽見角聲，眾百姓要大聲呼喊，城牆就必塌陷，各人都要往前直上。」

Joshua 6:2-5 And the Lord said to Joshua, See, I have given into your hands Jericho with its king and all its men of war. Now let all your fighting-men make a circle round the town, going all round it once. Do this for six days. And let seven priests go before the ark with seven loud-sounding horns in their hands: on the seventh day you are to go round the town seven times, the priests blowing their horns. And at the sound of a long note on the horns, let all the people give a loud cry; and the wall of the town will come down flat, and all the people are to go straight forward.

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民數記14:41-45 摩西說：「你們為何違背耶和華的命令呢？這事不能順利了。不要上去；因為耶和華不在你們中間，恐怕你們被仇敵殺敗了。亞瑪力人和迦南人都在你們面前，你們必倒在刀下；因你們退回不跟從耶和華，所以他必不與你們同在。」他們卻擅敢上山頂去，然而耶和華的約櫃和摩西沒有出營。於是亞瑪力人和住在那山上的迦南人都下來擊打他們，把他們殺退了，直到何珥瑪。

Numbers 14:41-45 And Moses said, Why are you now acting against the Lord's order, seeing that no good will come of it? Go not up, for the Lord is not with you, and you will be overcome by those who are fighting against you. For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and you will be put to death by their swords: because you have gone back from the way of the Lord, the Lord will not be with you. But they gave no attention to his words and went to the top of the mountain, though Moses and the ark of the Lord's agreement did not go out of the tent-circle. Then the Amalekites came down, and the Canaanites who were living in the hill-country, and overcame them completely, driving them back as far as Hormah.

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民數記10:35-36 約櫃往前行的時候，摩西就說：「耶和華啊，求你興起！願你的仇敵四散！願恨你的人從你面前逃跑！」約櫃停住的時候，他就說：「耶和華啊，求你回到以色列的千萬人中！」

Numbers 10:35-36 And when the ark went forward Moses said, Come up, O Lord, and let the armies of those who are against you be broken, and let your haters go in flight before you. And when it came to rest, he said, Take rest, O Lord, and give a blessing to the families of Israel .

(五) 敬拜讚美

撒母耳記下6:12-15 有人告訴大衛王說：「耶和華因為約櫃賜福給俄別以東的家和一切屬他的。」大衛就去，歡歡喜喜地將　神的約櫃從俄別以東家中抬到大衛的城裏。抬耶和華約櫃的人走了六步，大衛就獻牛與肥羊為祭。大衛穿著細麻布的以弗得，在耶和華面前極力跳舞。這樣，大衛和以色列的全家歡呼吹角，將耶和華的約櫃抬上來。

2 Samuel 6:12-15 And they said to King David, The blessing of the Lord is on the family of Obed-edom and on all he has, because of the ark of God. And David went and took the ark of God from the house of Obed-edom into the town of David with joy. And when those who were lifting the ark of the Lord had gone six steps, he made an offering of an ox and a fat young beast. And David, clothed in a linen ephod, was dancing before the Lord with all his strength. So David and all the men of Israel took up the ark of the Lord with cries of joy and sounding of horns.

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撒母耳記下6:17 眾人將耶和華的約櫃請進去，安放在所預備的地方，就是在大衛所搭的帳幕裏。大衛在耶和華面前獻燔祭和平安祭。

2 Samuel 6:17 And they took in the ark of the Lord, and put it in its place inside the tent which David had put up for it: and David made burned offerings and peace-offerings to the Lord.

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歷代志上17:1 大衛住在自己宮中，對先知拿單說：「看哪，我住在香柏木的宮中，耶和華的約櫃反在幔子裏。」

1 Chronicles 17:1 Now when David was living in his house, he said to Nathan the prophet, See, I am living in a house of cedar-wood, but the ark of the Lord's agreement is under the curtains of a tent.

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歷代志下8:11 所羅門將法老的女兒帶出大衛城，上到為她建造的宮裏；因所羅門說：「耶和華約櫃所到之處都為聖地，所以我的妻不可住在以色列王大衛的宮裏。」

2 Chronicles 8:11 Then Solomon made Pharaoh's daughter come up from the town of David to the house which he had made for her; for he said, I will not have my wife living in the house of David, king of Israel, because those places where the ark of the Lord has come are holy.

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歷代志下5:7-14 祭司將耶和華的約櫃抬進內殿，就是至聖所，放在兩個基路伯的翅膀底下。基路伯張著翅膀在約櫃之上，遮掩約櫃和抬櫃的槓。這槓甚長，槓頭在內殿前可以看見，在殿外卻不能看見，直到如今還在那裏。約櫃裏惟有兩塊石版，就是以色列人出埃及後，耶和華與他們立約的時候，摩西在何烈山所放的。除此以外，並無別物。當時，在那裏所有的祭司都已自潔，並不分班供職。他們出聖所的時候，歌唱的利未人亞薩、希幔、耶杜頓，和他們的眾子眾弟兄都穿細麻布衣服，站在壇的東邊，敲鈸、鼓瑟、彈琴，同著他們有一百二十個祭司吹號。吹號的、歌唱的都一齊發聲，聲合為一，讚美感謝耶和華。吹號、敲鈸，用各種樂器，揚聲讚美耶和華說：耶和華本為善，他的慈愛永遠長存！那時，耶和華的殿有雲充滿，甚至祭司不能站立供職，因為耶和華的榮光充滿了　神的殿。

2 Chronicles 5:7-14 And the priests took the ark of the Lord's agreement and put it in its place, in the inner room of the house, in the most holy place, under the wings of the winged ones. For their wings were outstretched over the place where the ark was, covering the ark and its rods. The rods were so long that their ends were seen from the holy place before the inmost room; but they were not seen from outside; and there they are to this day. Nothing was in the ark but the two flat stones which Moses put there at Horeb, where the Lord made an agreement with the children of Israel when they came out of Egypt . Now when the priests had come out of the holy place, (for all the priests who were present had made themselves holy, not keeping to their divisions; And the Levites who made the music, all of them, Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and brothers, robed in fair linen, were in their places with their brass and corded instruments at the east side of the altar, and with them a hundred and twenty priests blowing horns;) And when the players on horns, and those who made melody in song, with one voice were sounding the praise and glory of the Lord; with loud voices and with wind instruments, and brass and corded instruments of music, praising the Lord and saying, He is good; his mercy is unchanging for ever: then the house was full of the cloud of the glory of the Lord, So that the priests were not able to keep their places to do their work because of the cloud; for the house of God was full of the glory of the Lord.