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聖經怎麼看靈意解經？ by 江敏妮 mini
問：有些人的解經太像靈意解經，聖經怎麼看？
答：
「靈意解經」（allegorical interpretation寓意解經）是釋經法的一種，也有學者稱它為「聖靈解經」（依著聖靈的意思解經、按屬靈意義解經）。若是出於聖靈的解經，我們不能用人有限的知識和方法去限制或否定聖靈的工作；但由於「靈意解經」比「字面解經」（literal interpretation）更容易被人用聖靈感動的理由做詮釋，有無限自由想像空間；加上現在的靈恩亂象頻傳，比喻或預表等字眼的使用又百家爭鳴；甚至有人將「靈意」誤認成「靈異」，變成神秘解經，愈來愈多人會用負面的口氣質疑別人是否是「靈意解經」，意思就是暗指對方是憑著私意（人意）隨意解經。故「靈意解經」這詞現已被醜化成「私意解經」，你已聽不到有人用「靈意解經」去讚美他人的解經解的很好或很屬靈，反而常聽到有人用它去質疑別人是否解經有問題。
聖經沒有針對靈意解經、寓意解經、字義解經、實意解經、歷史解經、道德解經…等名詞下定義，只有提到讀經與解經的態度及應注意的原則。
你當竭力、在神面前得蒙喜悅、作無愧的工人、按著正意分解真理的道（correctly handles the word of truth）。──提摩太後書 2:15
Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth. ──2 Timothy 2:15
第一要緊的、該知道經上所有的豫言、沒有可隨私意解說的。因為豫言從來沒有出於人意的、乃是人被聖靈感動說出神的話來。──彼得後書 1:20-21
Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit. ──2 Peter 1:20-21
他一切的信上、也都是講論這些事。信中有些難明白的、那無學問不堅固的人強解（distort）、如強解別的經書一樣、就自取沉淪。──彼得後書 3:16
He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. ──2 Peter 3:16
弟兄們、我為你們的緣故、拿這些事轉比自己和亞波羅，叫你們效法我們不可過於聖經所記，免得你們自高自大、貴重這個、輕看那個。──哥林多前書 4:6
Now, brothers, I have applied these things to myself and Apollos for your benefit, so that you may learn from us the meaning of the saying, "Do not go beyond what is written." Then you will not take pride in one man over against another. ──1 Corinthians 4:6
聖經沒有禁止我們解釋神的話語，但若有攙雜、妥協、或牽強附會、或斷章取義、或為合理化罪行而強解，不但會扭曲經文的意思、製造混亂，更會招致神的責備。
他的先知是虛浮詭詐的人；他的祭司褻瀆聖所、強解律法（do violence to the law）。──西番雅書 3:4
Her prophets are arrogant; they are treacherous men. Her priests profane the sanctuary and do violence to the law. ──Zephaniah 3:4
其中的祭司強解我的律法（do violence to my law）、褻瀆我的聖物、不分別聖的和俗的、也不使人分辨潔淨的和不潔淨的、又遮眼不顧我的安息日，我也在他們中間被褻慢。──以西結書 22:26
Her priests do violence to my law and profane my holy things; they do not distinguish between the holy and the common; they teach that there is no difference between the unclean and the clean; and they shut their eyes to the keeping of my Sabbaths, so that I am profaned among them. ──Ezekiel 22:26
因為時候要到、人必厭煩純正的道理，耳朵發癢、就隨從自己的情慾、增添好些師傅。並且掩耳不聽真道、偏向荒渺的言語。──提摩太後書 4:3-4
For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths. ──2 Timothy 4:3-4
你們的話，是、就說是；不是、就說不是；若再多說、就是出於那惡者。──馬太福音 5:37
Simply let your 'Yes' be 'Yes,' and your 'No,' 'No'; anything beyond this comes from the evil one. ──Matthew 5:37
神的言語，句句都是煉淨的。投靠他的、他便作他們的盾牌。他的言語，你不可加添、恐怕他責備你、你就顯為說謊言的。──箴言30:5-6
Every word of God is flawless. He is a shield to those who take refuge in him. Do not add to his words, or he will rebuke you and prove you a liar. ──Proverbs 30:5-6
所吩咐你們的話，你們不可加添、也不可刪減，好叫你們遵守我所吩咐的、就是耶和華你們神的命令。──申命記 4:2
Do not add to what I command you and do not subtract from it, but keep the commands of the LORD your God that I give you. ──Deuteronomy 4:2
凡我所吩咐的、你們都要謹守遵行、不可加添、也不可刪減。──申命記 12:32
See that you do all I command you; do not add to it or take away from it. ──Deuteronomy 12:32
我向一切聽見這書上豫言的作見證，若有人在這豫言上加添甚麼，神必將寫在這書上的災禍加在他身上。這書上的豫言、若有人刪去甚麼，神必從這書上所寫的生命樹、和聖城，刪去他的分。──啟示錄 22:18-19
I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book. ──Revelation 22:18-19
如果自己對聖經不熟，根本無從判斷別人是否私意解經。例如：有人聽到別人說“雲柱火柱與過紅海的經歷預表浸禮（或象徵受靈洗）”，就批判對方是靈意(異)解經。
弟兄們、我不願意你們不曉得：我們的祖宗從前都在雲下、都從海中經過，都在雲裡海裡受洗歸了摩西，並且都喫了一樣的靈食、也都喝了一樣的靈水，所喝的是出於隨著他們的靈磐石，那磐石就是基督。──哥林多前書 10:1-4
For I do not want you to be ignorant of the fact, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud and that they all passed through the sea. They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. They all ate the same spiritual food and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ. ──1 Corinthians 10:1-4
法利賽人很會解釋律法，撒旦試探耶穌時也很會引用經文，所以不要以為避開靈意解經，只靠字面解經、靈命就不會出問題。
魔鬼就帶他進了聖城，叫他站在殿頂上，對他說：你若是神的兒子、可以跳下去，因為經上記著說：『主要為你吩咐他的使者，用手托著你，免得你的腳碰在石頭上。』耶穌對他說：經上又記著說：『不可試探主你的神。』──馬太福音4:5-7
Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. "If you are the Son of God," he said, "throw yourself down. For it is written: " 'He will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.'" Jesus answered him, "It is also written: 'Do not put the Lord your God to the test.'"──Matthew 4:5-7
我對你們說、要防備法利賽人和撒都該人的酵，這話不是指著餅說的，你們怎麼不明白呢？──馬太福音 16:11
How is it you don't understand that I was not talking to you about bread? But be on your guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees." ──Matthew 16:11
凡他們所吩咐你們的、你們都要謹守、遵行；但不要效法他們的行為，因為他們能說不能行。──馬太福音 23:3
So you must obey them and do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach. ──Matthew 23:3
他叫我們能承當這新約的執事，不是憑著字句，乃是憑著精意；因為那字句是叫人死，精意（或作：聖靈）是叫人活。──哥林多後書3:6
He has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant--not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. ──2 Corinthians 3:6
我若有先知講道之能、也明白各樣的奧秘、各樣的知識，而且有全備的信、叫我能彀移山，卻沒有愛，我就算不得甚麼。──哥林多前書 13:2
If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. ──1 Corinthians 13:2
耶穌在教導門徒時，會因材施教，有時會用比喻、有時會用明示。聽在熟讀聖經且教導律法的法利賽人耳中、也許比現代的靈恩派牧師更像靈意解經；殊不知祂就是真理本身。
耶穌回答說：你們錯了，因為不明白聖經、也不曉得神的大能。當復活的時候，人也不娶也不嫁、乃像天上的使者一樣。──馬太福音 22:29-30
Jesus replied, "You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God. At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven. ──Matthew 22:29-30
耶穌將這比喻告訴他們，但他們不明白所說的是甚麼意思。──約翰福音 10:6
Jesus used this figure of speech, but they did not understand what he was telling them. ──John 10:6
猶太人就希奇說、這個人沒有學過，怎麼明白書呢？耶穌說、我的教訓不是我自己的，乃是那差我來者的。人若立志遵著他的旨意行，就必曉得這教訓或是出於神、或是我憑著自己說的。──約翰福音 7:15-17
The Jews were amazed and asked, "How did this man get such learning without having studied?" Jesus answered, "My teaching is not my own. It comes from him who sent me. If anyone chooses to do God's will, he will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own.” ──John 7:15-17
法利賽人看見，就對耶穌說：「看哪、你的門徒作安息日不可作的事了。」耶穌對他們說：「經上記著、大衛和跟從他的人飢餓之時所作的事，你們沒有念過麼？」──馬太福音12:2-3
When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, "Look! Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath." He answered, "Haven't you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? ──Matthew 12:2-3
「『我喜愛憐恤、不喜愛祭祀。』你們若明白這話的意思，就不將無罪的、當作有罪的了。因為人子是安息日的主。」──馬太福音12:7-8
If you had known what these words mean, 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the innocent. For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath." ──Matthew 12:7-8
聖經不是單靠理性就可以讀懂。神給人的啟示是很靈活的，有時神使我們得到一樣的亮光或啟示、有時神使各人有不同的領受，但我們都是被一個聖靈所感。
神的道是活潑的、是有功效的，比一切兩刃的劍更快，甚至魂與靈、骨節與骨髓，都能刺入剖開，連心中的思念和主意、都能辨明。──希伯來書 4:12
For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. ──Hebrews 4:12
因為我們兩下藉著祂被一個聖靈所感、得以進到父面前。──以弗所書2:18
For through him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit. ──Ephesians 2:18
讀經沒開竅的人，因聽不懂或誤會別人的意思，也有可能說別人是私意解經。
於是耶穌開他們的心竅（opened their minds）、使他們能明白聖經。──路加福音 24:45
Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures. ──Luke 24:45
求你賜我悟性（understanding）、我便遵守你的律法，且要一心遵守。──詩篇 119:34
Give me understanding, and I will keep your law and obey it with all my heart. ──Psalms 119:34
我是你的僕人，求你賜我悟性（discernment分辨力），使我得知你的法度。──詩篇 119:125
I am your servant; give me discernment that I may understand your statutes. ──Psalms 119:125
我們對聖經再熟，都不可能完全明白；也許幾年後，再次回顧自己過去的解經，仍會發現有需修正之處。
有一個猶太人、名叫亞波羅，來到以弗所，他生在亞力山太，是有學問的、最能講解聖經。這人已經在主的道上受了教訓，心裡火熱，將耶穌的事，詳細講論教訓人；只是他單曉得約翰的洗禮。──使徒行傳 18:24-25
Meanwhile a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was a learned man, with a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures. He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and he spoke with great fervor and taught about Jesus accurately, though he knew only the baptism of John. ──Acts 18:24-25
只等真理的聖靈來了，他要引導你們明白一切的真理。因為他不是憑自己說的、乃是把他所聽見的都說出來，並要把將來的事告訴你們。──約翰福音 16:13
But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come. ──John 16:13
當你不確定別人是否憑私意解經，但又不敢鐵齒說對方一定不是由聖靈啟示，那你就不能扮演上帝去judge。有可能是因為對方講的跟你過去所學的不一樣，或是講了你從未想過或聽過的理論，造成你本能性的反彈（另一種驕傲）。使徒保羅就是後來驚覺他過去自以為的敬虔原來竟是褻瀆神的。
我從前是褻瀆神的、逼迫人的、侮慢人的，然而我還蒙了憐憫，因我是不信不明白的時候而作的。──提摩太前書 1:13
Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. ──1 Timothy 1:13
現在我勸你們不要管這些人，任憑他們罷。他們所謀的、所行的，若是出於人、必要敗壞；若是出於神，你們就不能敗壞他們，恐怕你們倒是攻擊神了。──使徒行傳 5:38-39
Therefore, in the present case I advise you: Leave these men alone! Let them go! For if their purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men; you will only find yourselves fighting against God. ──Acts 5:38-39
無論是字義解經或靈意解經，都有可能誤解聖經的意思。與其用負面的態度質疑別人是否靈意解經，還不如自己認真研經、努力活出聖經的教導。相信渴慕神話語的人，讀經時必會被聖靈引導。
他們彼此說：在路上、他和我們說話、給我們講解聖經的時候、我們的心豈不是火熱的麼。──路加福音 24:32
They asked each other, "Were not our hearts burning within us while he talked with us on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?" ──Luke 24:32
這地方的人，賢於帖撒羅尼迦的人，甘心領受這道、天天考查聖經、要曉得這道是與不是。──使徒行傳 17:11
Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. ──Acts 17:11
我們所領受的、並不是世上的靈，乃是從神來的靈，叫我們能知道神開恩賜給我們的事。並且我們講說這些事，不是用人智慧所指教的言語、乃是用聖靈所指教的言語，將屬靈的話、解釋屬靈的事。──哥林多前書 2:12-13
We have not received the spirit of the world but the Spirit who is from God, that we may understand what God has freely given us. This is what we speak, not in words taught us by human wisdom but in words taught by the Spirit, expressing spiritual truths in spiritual words. ──1 Corinthians 2:12-13
聖經都是神所默示的，於教訓、督責、使人歸正、教導人學義，都是有益的。叫屬神的人得以完全、豫備行各樣的善事。──提摩太後書 3:16-17
All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. ──2 Timothy 3:16-17
所以要站穩了、用真理當作帶子束腰、用公義當作護心鏡遮胸，又用平安的福音、當作豫備走路的鞋穿在腳上；此外又拿著信德當作籐牌、可以滅盡那惡者一切的火箭，並戴上救恩的頭盔、拿著聖靈的寶劍、就是神的道。──以弗所書 6:14-17
Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. ──Ephesians 6:14-17
